{"title":"pays Italie en","description":"","products":[{"product_id":"aerfer-notes-on-the-jet-sagittario-2-1957","title":"Aerfer - Notes on the jet Sagittario 2  (1957)","description":"\u003cp\u003eAerfer - Notes on the jet Sagittario 2 (1957)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e7 typewritten pages of a manufacturer's document on the Aerfer Sagittario II fighter.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOn 4 December 1956, the Sagittario II, piloted by Lieutenant-Colonel Giovanni Franchini, became the first supersonic aircraft built in Italy, reaching Mach 1.1 in a light dive, and the manufacturer produced two prototypes powered by a Rolls-Royce Derwent IX turbojet engine of 1650 kgp, which were used for aerodynamic studies, but never saw operational use.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn Italian\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ciframe title=\"YouTube video player\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/TSDNle-MckU\" allowfullscreen=\"\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\"\u003e\u003c\/iframe\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"www.skyshelf.eu","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":42934237331626,"sku":"288DG1957IT","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0620\/6901\/4698\/files\/duas_cid_1_pdf.jpg?v=1735928551"},{"product_id":"mattioli-guido-in-volo-con-umberto-maddalena-1938-original-signed-edition","title":"Mattioli, Guido - In volo con Umberto Maddalena (1938) (Digital Edition)","description":"\u003cp\u003eIn volo con Umberto Maddalena (1938)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGuido Matttioli\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEditrice « L’Aviazione »\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUmberto Maddalena joined the Italian Navy in 1916. He obtained his licence on an FBA Type H seaplane in September of the same year. With a brilliant record of service during the First World War, he distinguished himself with a series of air raids.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn 1925, at the controls of a Macchi M.24 seaplane, with an identical aircraft, he was the protagonist of an important raid from the Balkans to Germany. The flight, which was called Circuito del Baltico (Baltic Circuit), was planned to make Italian aeronautical products known in that region and to find possible new commercial outlets. Among its crew was also the journalist Guido Mattioli, commissioned by Corriere della Sera to comment on the event that is the subject of this book. After flying over the Alps, he headed north over Germany and the Netherlands, then east over Denmark and Sweden, finally reaching Leningrad. On his return journey, he headed west, around the Baltic States, reached Amsterdam and then resumed his original route south. When it reached home, after more than 10,000 km (6,000 miles), both crews had a dramatic accident over the Splügen Pass.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMaddalena was killed on 19 March 1931 when his S.64 Bis exploded in flight. Maddalena was an inveterate smoker and could not help but consume his cigarettes even during the flight, and a match detonation is compatible.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e232 pages in Italian - PDF to download\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ciframe width=\"560\" height=\"315\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/2LP9nXetkc4?si=KLlphyiObcO63wr7\" title=\"YouTube video player\"\u003e\u003c\/iframe\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"www.skyshelf.eu","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":42934247653546,"sku":"203DG1938IT","price":8.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0620\/6901\/4698\/files\/203Mattioli_Guido-InvoloconMaddalena_1_1acdff31-4064-431f-a464-d4777a4a3134.jpg?v=1754655946"},{"product_id":"liuzzi-giorgio-aviation-for-the-army-july-1933","title":"Liuzzi, Giorgio – Aviation for the Army (July 1933)","description":"\u003cp\u003eL'aviazione per l'esercito (Luglio 1933)\n  \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMaggiore di S.M. Giorgio Liuzzi\n  \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \n  \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eManualetti di tecnica militare\n  \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEditi dalla Rivista Esercito e Nazione\n  \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \n  \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eProduit par le Ministère de la guerre italien à l’intention des officiers de réserve de l’armée de terre et des étudiants, ces petits manuels de technique militaire étaient un moyen efficace pour rafraîchir la mémoire sur les notions enseignées dans le passé, tout en les remettant à jour et en tenant compte des progrès techniques dans le domaine. L’Union Nationale des Officiers de réserve italiens les diffusaient en grands nombre.\n  \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eL’ouvrage consacre une partie intéressante aux techniques de reconnaissance aérienne photographique utilisée en 1933: photographie planimétrique, stéréoscopique et panoramique. Il décrit également de manière attractive les moyens rudimentaires de transmission utilisés entre l’avion et le sol, que ce soit des moyens radio ou des codes et de la signalisation.\n  \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDétail significatif des conceptions stratégiques de l’état-major italien de l’époque : les missions principales de l’avion sont la reconnaissance, l’assistance à l’artillerie, la recherche et la désignation d’objectifs et le relèvement des résultats de tirs. Parmi les missions éventuelles, on trouve l’intervention offensive directe au combat (comprendre le bombardement).\n  \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \n  \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e36 pg. (avec 25 illustrations) – en Italien\n  \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"www.skyshelf.eu","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":42934263120042,"sku":"154DG1933IT","price":4.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0620\/6901\/4698\/files\/Liuzzi_Giorgio-L_aviazioneperl_esercito_1933_1_9aa6a7ea-49aa-42c4-a5ca-d4743dfd227a.png?v=1735933248"},{"product_id":"manfredi-enrico-forgotten-aircraft-the-aeroplanes-of-cmasa","title":"Manfredi, Enrico - Forgotten aircraft: the aeroplanes of CMASA (ebook)","description":"\u003cp\u003eManfredi, Enrico. - Forgotten aircraft: the aeroplanes of CMASA (2015)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis paper outlines the story of an aircraft factory that was active in the first half of 1900 in Marina di Pisa. The Costruzioni Meccaniche ed Aeronautiche Società per Azioni (CMASA) built 129 Dornier Wal flying boats, mainly because of the terms of the Versailles Treaty. Some of them performed famous record flights.\u003cbr\u003eCMASA was then bought by FIAT and turned to military production. It designed and built in series, during WW2, the RS14, a twin engined floatplane, which is described in some detail here. In 1937, FIAT C.M.A.S.A. built the prototype of a twin engined bomber landplane called B.G.A. Other projects included a six engined passenger flying boat, called J.S. due to carry out a regular passenger service between Italy and Latin America for LATI airlines.Its development was interrupted by the war. \u003cbr\u003eAnother very ambitious project by Ing. Stiavelli was the speed record monoplane CS15 (Corsa Stiavelli). With its 2250 hp liquid-cooled engine and its counter-rotating propellers, it was designed to reach 800 km\/h and bring the world speed record back to Italy.\u003cbr\u003eToday, the small town of Marina di Pisa has is a peaceful seaside resort. Only a few very old people still remember that aircraft engines once roared there and that sea spray trails spurted in the wake of flying boats and floatplanes taking off on the sea.\u003cbr\u003eThe author, Prof. Enrico Manfredi, was born in Cagliari in 1938; he graduated in Industrial Engineering (mechanics) at Pisa University. He started his career at Livorno Naval Academy, went later to the Ateneo pisano, which awarded him the Order of the Cherubino. He then worked at the Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, Pisa University, until retirement. He did research in Mechanical Engineering, Materials and Nuclear Engineering His latest project is 'Aerospace gear testing.' He has published several works.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e27 pages – in English - PDF to download\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"www.skyshelf.eu","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":42934285402282,"sku":"184DG2015EN","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0620\/6901\/4698\/files\/Forgotten_aircraft_the_aeroplanes_of_CMA_0-Copie_6bdfaffc-6c45-4175-a327-c7226895bd58.jpg?v=1709278503"},{"product_id":"mehtidis-alexis-italian-air-force-in-italian-east-africa-1919-1939","title":"Mehtidis Alexis - Italian Air Force in Italian East Africa – 1919-1939 (ebook)","description":"\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eItalian Air Force in Italian East Africa – 1919-1939\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAlexis Mehtidis\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn the aftermath of the First World War, Italy found itself with two colonies on either side of the independent Kingdom of Ethiopia: Eritrea to the north and Somalia to the south. The four parts of Alexis Mehtidis' study are nothing more than the translation, in terms of air power projection, of Mussolini's colonial tragi-comedy.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1st Act: from 1919 to September 1936. In 1919, a few Farman, SVA and SAML stationed in Eritrea and Somalia were more than enough to chase the smugglers. A progressive increase in power endowed each of the two colonies with about forty aircraft in 1934: three-engine Caproni transport aircraft, Cr.20 biplane fighters and Romeo Ro.1 reconnaissance aircraft. In 1934, the Welwel incident, justifies the creation of a unified air command of East Africa, as well as a massive reinforcement of the fleet: 380 aircraft.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2nd Act: October 1935 to January 1936: The first operations of invasion of Ethiopia trample: barely 100 km in one month. Reinforcements increase: 620 planes in the whole region. One can note an interesting development of MRO and support units in Asmara, Ethiopia, (airframe, engines, systems and carpentry), as well as a strong presence of the Italian industry with Caproni, Alfa Romeo and Piaggio workshops. New airfields are built to accommodate this large restructured air force.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3rd act: Rome wants to end it all and decides massive raids of SM.81 and SM.88 bombers, dropping, among others, yperite bombs (mustard gas), eventually achieving total control of the region.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4th Act: January 1938 to July 1939: the whole of Italian East Africa is \"pacified\" and, with about 200 aircraft, adapts its air order of battle in preparation for a future conflict with its British neighbour.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe booklet is richly illustrated with remarkably interesting pictures.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e42 pages – in English\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ciframe title=\"YouTube video player\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/nlIaqqDqy5Y?si=XjRtxw72HSrdjTBC\" height=\"315\" width=\"560\"\u003e\u003c\/iframe\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"www.skyshelf.eu","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":42934294315178,"sku":"24DG2010EN","price":5.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0620\/6901\/4698\/files\/Mehtidis_Alexis-ItalianAirForceinItalianEastAfrica2_1.jpg?v=1735935131"},{"product_id":"mehtidis-alexis-italian-and-austro-hungarian-aviation-in-wwi-2008","title":"Mehtidis, Alexis - Italian and Austro-Hungarian Aviation in WWI 2008 (ebook)","description":"\u003cp\u003e \u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eItalian and Austro-Hungarian Military Aviation on the Italian Front In World War One\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAlexis Mehtidis\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis book is a considerably enriched version of \"Italian Aviation in World War I\" that Alexis Mehtidis published in 2004. The author has added detailed sections on Italian anti-aircraft defense, Austro-Hungarian aviation, maps and insignia, offering us one of the few complete books in English on this subject.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe first part, devoted to the Italian forces, explains that at the beginning of the hostilities, the Italian air component was fully integrated into the army. It included a few squadrons equipped with Nieuport, Farman and Blériot, as well as balloon units attached to the artillery. The Navy also had its air component with two airships and 14 seaplanes.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn 1915 this component became independent and became the Corpo Aeronautico Militare. The first Caproni bombers make their appearance, as well as the Caudron, Macchi, Voisin and Aviatik fighters (German, but manufactured under license); this new air force also uses seaplanes and soon takes control of the navy's air component in 1916. A year later, the navy resumed its naval aeronautical prerogatives (\"déjà vu\" in other countries...) and ended the conflict with 223 seaplanes.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThroughout the pages, one gets the impression that this air force kept moderate and stable numbers throughout the conflict - which varied between 600 and 800 aircraft - but very structured; an inventive air force that launched the first massive bomber raids very early (on Trieste), that used radio communications, high-resolution (for the time!) reconnaissance photography and that bombed railway junctions with airships. An army also showing that it was capable of projection, with units in Albania, Greece and Libya.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCuriously, it was not until November 1917 that an authority was created to coordinate the production of aircraft and aircraft engines.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInteresting and unusual approach, the author proposes us a section on the Italian anti-aerial artillery, a very complete part with the list of all the batteries and equipment, from the machine gun to the 75 mm gun.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe next part is devoted to the Austro-Hungarian air component, both the air force - Kaiserlich and Koniglich (K.u.K.) Luftfahrtruppen (L.F.T.) - and the naval air force - K.u.K. Seeflieger - deployed along the Croatian and Albanian coasts.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn 1915, at the beginning of hostilities, the Austro-Hungarian Air Force aligned 13 flying companies (FLiK - Fliegerkompanie) and three balloon detachments; by the armistice, these figures had risen to 50 and 30 (about 600 aircraft). The main types used were the Albatros, the Brandenburg and ... the Aviatik (too!).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe rest of the book is an impressive compilation, unit by unit, FLiK by FLiK (about a hundred), with its equipment and deployments. The author reviews the units and training centres, the balloon units, logistic units, meteorological units, as well as the aircraft used by the naval air, unit by unit, naval base by naval base (in Austria, Croatia and Albania). An effort made all the more complex by the fact that the campaign diaries of the different belligerents all write the same geographical locations with different spellings .\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA comprehensive bibliography on the subject is included at the end of the book. A unique work of its kind.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e142 pages – in english\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edigital edition - PDF to download\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"www.skyshelf.eu","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":42934299984042,"sku":"114DG2020EN","price":10.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0620\/6901\/4698\/products\/AuSTRO1pdf.jpg?v=1682247474"},{"product_id":"mehtidis-alexis-luftwaffe-in-italy-31-august-and-8-august-1943","title":"Mehtidis, Alexis - Luftwaffe in Italy 31 August and 8 August 1943 (ebook)","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eLuftwaffe in Italy - 31 August and 8 August 1943\n  \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNotes on its Order of Battle\n  \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAlexis Mehtidis\n  \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \n  \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \n  \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOn 3 September 1943, the 8th Allied Army crossed the Strait of Messina. British and Canadians met only moderate resistance. On 8 September, the Italian radio broadcasts a proclamation by Marshal Badoglio who, on behalf of the Italian government, confirms the Cassibile armistice signed with the Anglo-Americans on 3 September 1943.\n  \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Regia Aeronautica no longer exists; it is the Luftwaffe that is responsible for the entire air fight against the allies. \n  \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eComplementing the opuscule \"Italian Air Force - Regia Aeronautica 1943\", this document draws up an accounting statement and an organization chart of the German order of battle in Italy to assume this mission.\n  \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \n  \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e13 pages – in english\n  \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"www.skyshelf.eu","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":42934300770474,"sku":"","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0620\/6901\/4698\/products\/original_628bf857-e358-4a10-9936-0ef00c8fdac0.jpg?v=1652265612"},{"product_id":"mehtidis-alexis-italian-air-force-regia-aeronautica-1943","title":"Mehtidis, Alexis - Italian Air Force - Regia Aeronautica 1943 (ebook)","description":"\u003cp\u003eItalian Air Force - Regia Aeronautica\n  \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOrder of Battle on 8 September 1943\n  \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAlexis Mehtidis\n  \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \n  \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \n  \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOn 8 September 1943 at 7.42 p.m., Italian radio interrupted its programmes to transmit a proclamation by Marshal Badoglio which, in the name of the Italian government, confirmed the Cassibile armistice signed with the Anglo-Americans on 3 September 1943.\n  \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Regia Aeronautica is totally unprepared. No instructions are given to it. A few units choose to openly pass into the Allied camp (Sardinia, Puglia, Corsica, the Balkans): 281 Italian aircraft join the Allied airfields, but most of them are no longer fit for combat. They form the Aeronautica Cobelligerante Italiana (ACI).\n  \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAnother party - mainly in Northern Italy - decides to continue fighting alongside the Luftwaffe, forming the Aeronautica Nazionale Repubblicana of the Italian Social Republic). The rest are disarmed, interned, dispersed or try to return home.\n  \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIt is the instantaneous state of the Regia Aeronautica at the time of this split that Alexis Mehtidis undertook to draw up and deliver in this opuscule. Note the great disparity between the number of existing aircraft and those that are usable, as well as the number of units that no longer have any aircraft at all.\n  \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \n  \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e24 pages – in english\n  \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"www.skyshelf.eu","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":42934300836010,"sku":"","price":5.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0620\/6901\/4698\/products\/original_15891e2f-294d-439d-99c9-3efb5e6a1c2d.jpg?v=1652265614"},{"product_id":"mehtidis-alexis-aviazione-legionaria-the-italian-air-force-in-the-spanish-civil-war","title":"Mehtidis, Alexis - Aviazione Legionaria - The Italian Air Force in the Spanish Civil War (ebook)","description":"\u003cp\u003eAviazione Legionaria - The Italian Air Force in the Spanish Civil War 1936-1939\n  \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNotes on its Orders of Battles, Strengths and Commanding Officers\n  \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAlexis Mehtidis\n  \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \n  \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \n  \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOn July 20, 1936, twelve three-engine Savoia Marchetti SM.81 bombers – with no markings - took off from the Elmas base in Sardinia for Melilla in Morocco. The aircraft had been fictitiously sold to a Spanish journalist and their crews were in civilian clothes, with no ID papers. Only nine planes arrived at their destination. This was the beginning of the Aviacion del Tercio, the first element of Mussolini's air commitment to Franco's side in the Spanish War.\n  \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThese aircraft were soon reinforced by a large number of fighters - mostly Fiat CR.42 biplanes -, reconnaissance and liaison aircraft and other bombers. They were then formed into an autonomous air group called \"Aviazione Legionaria\" and placed under the direct command of the Duce for three years.\n  \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAt the height of operations, this expeditionary force consisted of nearly 240 aircraft and 3,000 men. The Italians paid a high price for this intervention as 150 of their pilots were buried on Spanish soil. By way of comparison, the German Condor Legion committed more than 600 aircraft and lost just under 300 men.\n  \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe author, using his own method of historian, reviews the order of battle of this air force and its evolution throughout the conflict, the strength of the different types of aircraft involved, and pays particular attention to the officers who commanded the different units involved.\n  \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \n  \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e25 pages – in english\n  \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"www.skyshelf.eu","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":42934300868778,"sku":"","price":5.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0620\/6901\/4698\/products\/original_b2ec9c6e-f16a-4cee-ab68-9db8aed3fad0.jpg?v=1652265615"},{"product_id":"la-polla-ernesto-the-magnetic-compass-in-aviation-1918","title":"La Polla, Ernesto - The magnetic compass in aviation (1918)","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eLa Polla، Ernesto - \u003cspan class=\"tlid-translation\"\u003eThe magnetic compass in aviation (1918)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\n  \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn 1918, the only navigation device for navigating a route on an airplane was the compass. It is therefore not surprising that this small instrument is the subject of a book intended for student pilots.\n  \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAfter some general considerations, this manual describes the fundamentals of the compass through the magnetic needle, magnetic declination, isogonic lines and magnetic deflection.\n  \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe principles governing the correct installation of the compass on board the aircraft, as well as the regular verification of its suspension are explained. The author then reviews the choice of a route and the methods for correcting compass errors: declination, magnetic deviation, semicircular deviation, quadrantal deviation and drift corrections.\n  \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIt ends with the description of some models of compasses in service in the Italian Air Force in 1918.\n  \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe author, Colonel Ernesto La Polla, (1872 - 1951) is considered one of the fathers of Italian bombing aviation during the First World War. He particularly distinguished himself between 1917 and 1918, as commander of the bombing group during the battle of the solstice, and was one of the organizers and planners of the flight over Vienna carried out by Gabriele D'Annunzio. Decorated with the Knight's Cross of the Military Order of Savoy and a silver medal for its military value, in 1919, after the end of the war, he was the organizer of the Rome-Tokyo raid led by Guido Masiero and Arturo Ferrarin.\n  \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e96 pages - in Italian\n  \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"www.skyshelf.eu","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":42934305226922,"sku":"","price":4.9,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0620\/6901\/4698\/products\/original_959802d3-366e-411a-ad6d-82f9aee89846.jpg?v=1652265738"},{"product_id":"airevue-1964-05-may","title":"AiRevue 1964 05 (May)","description":"\u003cp\u003eSummary: \u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Italian aerospace industry in 1964 (Vico Rosaspina)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNew FIAT projects (Ing. 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In the first part a general description of the various types of missiles dropped from the air is given and the\" classiflcation is based ultimately upon methods to be adopted in handling unexploded bombs, wnich in turn depends upon the types of fuzes and the method of arming. \u003cbr\u003eThe second part consists of a summary of bombs and fuzes intended for easy reference, while the third part contains detailed information of all known bombs and their fuzes with illustrations produced, in most cases, after an examination of the missiles tnemselves. All measurements are given in the English and in the metric systems. \u003cbr\u003eThe author belonged to the British Army Royal Engineers.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"www.skyshelf.eu","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":42934321250474,"sku":"235DG1948EN","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0620\/6901\/4698\/products\/original_6c9b5b32-c25c-4a92-9639-70c31e9024b8.jpg?v=1652266228"},{"product_id":"aeronautica-macchi-c-200-aircraft-handbook-1941","title":"Aeronautica Macchi C.200 - Aircraft handbook (1941)","description":"\u003cp\u003eAeronautica Macchi C.200 with Fiat A74 engine - Aircraft manual\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMinistry of Aeronautics - May 1941\u003cbr\u003e176 pages (missing pages) - in Italian\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Macchi M.C.200 Saetta (lightning bolt or arrow) was the best Italian fighter of the beginning of the Second World War, the only one capable of competing with his opponents.\u003cbr\u003eThe M.C.200 was designed by Mario Castoldi, the designer of the Italian seaplanes participating in the prestigious Schneider Cup. The project began in 1937, and Castoldi combined highly sophisticated aerodynamics inspired by his racing models with the massive front end of a radial engine. The prototype, a monoplane with a metal structure and coating, a retractable landing gear and an open cab, flew on December 24, 1937, after a tune-up made difficult by instability problems. The first units came out of the assembly lines in June 1939.\u003cbr\u003eIts first war action took place on the Greek-Albanian front, where the M.C. 200 successfully fought against the British Hawker Hurricane. It then served on the African front as well as in Russia. In both cases, it proved to be robust, safe and able to withstand harsh conditions, and despite its weakness in armament (a defect common to all Italian fighters of that time) and its relative lack of speed, it was a valid opponent. After the appearance of the M.C.202, the Saetta was used as an assault aircraft and interceptor based in Italy. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\n\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"www.skyshelf.eu","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":42934324494506,"sku":"384DG1941IT","price":4.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0620\/6901\/4698\/files\/Aeronautica_Macchi_C._200con_motore_Fiat_A__74_aircraft_handbook_1.jpg?v=1735929497"},{"product_id":"crociera-aerea-del-decennale-decennial-aerial-cruise-1933","title":"Crociera aerea del Decennale - Decennial Aerial Cruise (1933) (ebook)","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-US\"\u003eCrociera aerea del Decennale - Decennial Aerial Cruise (1933)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003eLe Vie\ndell'aria\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e58 pages in Italian\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-US\"\u003eJuly 1,\n1933. For the 10th anniversary of the Regia Aeronautica (Royal Italian Air\nForce), Italo Balbo is organizing a major transatlantic air raid: Orbetello\n(the cradle of Italian seaplane flying) - Chicago (where the 1933 World Expo is\nheld) - New York - Rome. 25 seaplanes Siai Marchetti S.55X and more than 100\ncrew members are participating in this journey, which is marked by two fatal\naccidents: one in Amsterdam and the other in the Azores with the loss of a\nseaplane. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-US\"\u003eItalo Balbo\nhad initially proposed a world tour, but the idea was abandoned because of the\ndanger of crossing a region affected by the Russo-Japanese war. The selected\nseaplane, the SM.55X, was considerably modified, among other things with the\nreplacement of the Fiat 12-cylinder engine by the new Isotta Fraschini Asso 750\n18-cylinder engine.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-US\"\u003eIn support\nof the raid, the Italian navy had pre-positioned the ship \"Alice\" in\nCartwright Bay, the submarines \"Balilla\" and \"Millelire\",\nas well as the minesweepers \"Matteucci\" and Bilieri\" as beacons.\n\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-US\"\u003eThere is\nstill a memorial hill in Chicago between Soldier Field and Burnham Park that\ncommemorates the Balbo Passage and its seaplanes.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-US\"\u003eThis\ndocument is a special issue of the Italian aeronautical journal \"Le Vie\ndell'Aria\" published for the arrival of the raid at the Lido in Rome on\nAugust 12, 1933. It describes all the preparations and technical aspects of the\nraid, without failing - of course - to transform it into a huge propaganda tool\nfor Mussolinian fascism.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"www.skyshelf.eu","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":42934325543082,"sku":"152DG1933IT","price":5.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0620\/6901\/4698\/files\/CrocieraaereadelDecennale_1933__1_03304f68-94b0-453e-a4db-d2bcdbf2e35e.jpg?v=1735930542"},{"product_id":"l-a-n-lega-aerea-nazionale-italiana-4-aprile-1914","title":"L.A.N. 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per l'italianità dei vocabili aerei; L'aviazone e la donna\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family: \"Courier New\"' lang=\"IT\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCronaca mensile\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch5 class=\"MsoPlainText\"\u003e \u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003e45 pagine; in Italiano\u003c\/h5\u003e","brand":"www.skyshelf.eu","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":42934327804074,"sku":"","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0620\/6901\/4698\/products\/original_2cb65ce2-71d9-4779-b25d-51b64095e42c.jpg?v=1652266462"},{"product_id":"lala-ditalia-23-1942-12","title":"L'ala d'Italia # 23 1942 12","description":"","brand":"www.skyshelf.eu","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44460138660010,"sku":"574DG1942IT","price":5.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0620\/6901\/4698\/files\/L_ala_d_Italia_23_1942_12_1.jpg?v=1735931704"},{"product_id":"nieuport-macchi-ni-17-110hp-1917-pdf","title":"Nieuport Macchi Ni-17 (110HP 1917) (pdf)","description":"\u003cp\u003eUne note de source inconnue sur le Ni-17 - PDF à télécharger\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA note from an unknown source about Ni-17 - PDF download\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEine Notiz aus unbekannter Quelle über Ni-17 - PDF zum Herunterladen\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e一份来历不明的关于 Ni-17 的说明 - 下载 PDF\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNi-17에 대한 알 수 없는 출처의 메모 - PDF 다운로드\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNota de fuente desconocida sobre el Ni-17 - Descargar PDF\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUna nota di fonte ignota sul Ni-17 - Scarica il PDF\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNi-17に関する情報源不明のメモ - PDFをダウンロード\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEen notitie van een onbekende bron over Ni-17 - Download PDF\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUma nota de uma fonte desconhecida sobre o Ni-17 - Baixar PDF\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003ciframe title=\"YouTube video player\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/Ef1Qcxun9kA\" height=\"315\" width=\"560\" allowfullscreen=\"\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" frameborder=\"0\"\u003e\u003c\/iframe\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"www.skyshelf.eu","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47629255999814,"sku":"592DG1965IT","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0620\/6901\/4698\/files\/NieuportMacchiNi-17_110HP1917_1.jpg?v=1692485690"},{"product_id":"cours-didentification-a-lusage-des-instructeurs-edition-originale-imprimee","title":"Cours d'identification à l'usage des instructeurs (1944) (ebook)","description":"\u003cdiv data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eCours d'identification reprenant les silhouettes et les performances de tous les avions amis et ennemis.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eRéalisé en 1944, probablement en partie une traduction d'un cours identique dans la 12ème armée aérienne américaine.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e225 pages - édition numérique (pdf à télécharger)\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"www.skyshelf.eu","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48938969137478,"sku":"613 or 1944 fr","price":9.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0620\/6901\/4698\/files\/Coursd_identificational_usagedesinstructuersetmoniteurs_01-Copie.jpg?v=1703454157"},{"product_id":"sluze-rene-le-vol-heroique-de-geo-chavez-au-dessus-du-simplon","title":"Sluze, René - Le vol héroïque de Géo Chavez au dessus du simplon (ebook)","description":"\u003cp\u003eEdition numérique à télécharger\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDigital edition to download\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDigitale Ausgabe zum Herunterladen\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEdizione digitale da caricare\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDigitale editie om te downloaden\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEdición digital para cargar\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEdição digital para download\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eنسخة رقمية للتحميل\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e数字版下载\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eデジタル版ダウンロード\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e디지털 에디션 다운로드\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEdition numérique à télécharger\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEdition numérique à télécharger\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEdition numérique à télécharger\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c!----\u003e","brand":"www.skyshelf.eu","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49839181922630,"sku":"629DG1911FR","price":5.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0620\/6901\/4698\/files\/629DG1911FR_Sluze_Rene_-_Le_vol_heroique_de_Geo_Chavez_au_dessus_du_simplon_1.jpg?v=1717915141"},{"product_id":"longoni-a-facismo-e-aviazione-les-aviateurs-dans-la-revolution-fasciste-1931-ebook-copie","title":"Longoni A. - Facismo e Aviazione, aviators in the fascist revolution (1931) (ebook)","description":"\u003ch2 class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"IT\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: IT;\"\u003eFascismo e Aviazione\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch4 class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"IT\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: IT;\"\u003eGli Aviatori nella rivoluzione fascista\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003ch4 class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"IT\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: IT;\"\u003eAttilio Longoni – 1931\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003ch5 class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"IT\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: IT;\"\u003eEdizione Azzurre (Milano)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"IT\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: IT;\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOr how the totalitarian regimes of the 20th century used aviation as a tool. A work of real historical interest, provided that the author's Mussolinian propaganda logorrhoea is filtered out:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\"To the aviators of yesterday, today and tomorrow.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eI wanted to sum up, however briefly, from the earliest beginnings, even before the war, the admirable work of our aviation, since the audacity of our Roman spirit began to measure itself against the unknown element.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThen came the epic of war, when the battalion of volunteer aviators was formed; the truly legendary era when the human factor was everything in the aerial battle. When the aviator had only two fragile wings and the uncertainty of the primordial aircraft demanded icy fearlessness from the human heart.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThen, thanks to the sagacity of the war makers who trained the different specialities, individual exploits multiplied. And here are the heroic pages, here are the tireless aces, a marvel of history itself. These are names that will never be forgotten, names that will never fall from the hearts of Italians. This period ends with a picture of the war power achieved by the air force at the time of the Battle of Vittorio Veneto.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWe come to the third phase: the appalling year 1919, the anti-Italian punishment.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Fascist airmen, the souls of true and frank aviators, understanding all the torment of these heroes who, after having risked their lives in a thousand terrible dares, found themselves prevented, precisely by those who foolishly governed the Fatherland, from exercising the finest heroism, rebelled and joined Mussolini's legions to save Italian aviation from the total destruction of its documented values.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eJust as the first chapter aims to show that Mussolini did not need 'professors' even for the problem of aviation, since with his 1919 sensibility he already had a sunny vision of the needs inherent in the problem of national aviation, so the last chapter summarises and engraves for history the grandiose work accomplished by the Duce.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThat says it all.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe author, Attilio Longoni (Monza, 1 October 1885 - 8 April 1932) was an Italian aviation pioneer, journalist and politician. In 1919, he was secretary of the \"Fasci italiani di combattimento\".\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDuring the First World War, he became a student pilot in the air force and then operated in Macedonia and Albania. In March 1919, he was one of the founders and municipal secretary of the Milan Fascio. On 9 May 1919, he became national secretary of the Italian Fasci di Combattimento until the following August. He took part in the March on Rome on 28 October 1922. He was editor-in-chief of \"Secolo illustrato\", which he left to found the weekly \"La Gazzetta dell'Aviazione\" at the end of 1919. In 1922 he founded the monthly aviation magazine L'Ala d'Italia, which he ran until his death. In 1920, he founded the Associazione Italiana Aeronautica and then, in 1925, the Lega Italiana Aeronautica. In 1931, he was General Secretary of the \"Gente di mare e dell'aria\" corporation. In 1932, he was also President of the Milan Aero Club.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e392 pages - in Italian - PDF download\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"mso-ansi-language: FR;\"\u003e\u003ciframe title=\"YouTube video player\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/LWNs4eAgNJk?si=6F_KHaow_n5QDz15\" height=\"315\" width=\"560\"\u003e\u003c\/iframe\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"www.skyshelf.eu","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":53914050494790,"sku":"151 DG 1931 IT","price":6.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0620\/6901\/4698\/files\/Longoni_Attilio-FacismoeAviazione_1931__1.jpg?v=1735807003"},{"product_id":"norme-relative-allimpiego-dellaviazione-in-somalia-1927-ebook","title":"Norme relative all'impiego dell'aviazione in Somalia (1927) (ebook)","description":"\u003ch3 style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNorme relative all'impiego dell'aviazione in Somalia\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eComando Regio Corpo Truppe Coloniali della Somalia Italiana\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSegnalazioni con gli aeroplani\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAllestimento e manutenzione dei campi\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePrescrizioni per i voli in colonia\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e14 pages - PDF à télécharger\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"www.skyshelf.eu","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":56324369285446,"sku":"197OR1929IT","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0620\/6901\/4698\/files\/Somalie1apresp16quid_01.jpg?v=1775556223"},{"product_id":"north-american-aircraft-nato-f-86-d-k-sabre-dog-imprime-copie","title":"North American Aircraft NATO F-86 D\/K Sabre Dog (print)","description":"\u003ch4 class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"\u003eNorth American Aircraft NATO F-86 D\/K Sabre Dog\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003ch4 class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003eBy \u003cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eRobbie M. Robinson\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003ch4 class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003eEditions Minimonde 75\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"\u003eThe North American F-86D\/K Sabre Dog was undoubtedly one of America's greatest fighters.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"\u003eDerived from its earlier sibling F-86A Sabre, who starred in Korea against MiG-15s, this variant experienced extensive operations in the USA, protecting the skies with the many Fighter Interceptor Squadrons in charge of continental air sovereignty, and in Europe with many NATO air forces. Also built under licence by Italy's Fiat to supply NATO countries, the Sabre Dog served in seven air arms throughout the Old Continent until its final withdrawal from the Aeronautica Militare Italiana in July 1973.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"\u003eThis book tells the story of the European Sabre Dogs with eight air forces, from the inception of the program in 1949 until the retirement of the type outclassed by the new US fighter aircraft delivered to NATO, the F-104 Starfighter. 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