{"product_id":"obruchev-sergei-flying-over-the-eastern-arctic-1933original-edition","title":"Obruchev Sergei - Flying over the Eastern Arctic (1933)(original edition)","description":"\u003ch2 class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;\"\u003e\n\u003cb\u003e\u003ci\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"\u003eFlying over the Eastern Arctic\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"\u003eBy Sergei Obruchev (1933)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003ci\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"\u003e1934 LENINGRAD\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003ci\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"\u003ePUBLISHED BY THE ARCTIC INSTITUTE OF THE SOVIET UNION\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm;\"\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"\u003eAuthor\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"\u003e: \u003cb\u003eSergei Vladimirovich Obruchev\u003c\/b\u003e (1891–1965), \u003cb\u003eSoviet geologist and explorer\u003c\/b\u003e, a pioneer in the exploration of Siberia and the Arctic.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eOrganisers\u003c\/b\u003e:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul style=\"margin-top: 0cm;\" type=\"disc\"\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;\"\u003e\n\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"\u003eArctic Institute of the USSR\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"\u003e (headed by \u003cb\u003eOtto Schmidt\u003c\/b\u003e);\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;\"\u003e\n\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"\u003eKomseverpout\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"\u003e (Commissariat for the Northern Sea Routes);\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;\"\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eUnion of Geologists (Soiuzgeorazvedka)\u003c\/b\u003e;\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;\"\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eVostokzoloto\u003c\/b\u003e (Eastern Gold Company).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm;\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"\u003eAt the time, \u003cb\u003ethe Soviet Arctic Far East\u003c\/b\u003e (Chukotka, Koryakia, Sea of Okhotsk) was:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: -18.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo6;\"\u003e\u003c!-- [if !supportLists]--\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\"\u003e·\u003cspan style=\"font: 7.0pt 'Times New Roman';\"\u003e       \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c!--[endif]--\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"\u003elittle or not at all mapped\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"\u003eB (particularly the areas between the Sea of Okhotsk and the \u003cb\u003eIndigirka\u003c\/b\u003e and \u003cb\u003eKolyma\u003c\/b\u003e rivers);\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: -18.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo6;\"\u003e\u003c!-- [if !supportLists]--\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\"\u003e·\u003cspan style=\"font: 7.0pt 'Times New Roman';\"\u003e       \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c!--[endif]--\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"\u003einaccessible by land\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"\u003eB (lack of roads, rugged terrain, extreme climate);\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpLast\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: -18.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo6;\"\u003e\u003c!-- [if !supportLists]--\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\"\u003e·\u003cspan style=\"font: 7.0pt 'Times New Roman';\"\u003e       \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c!--[endif]--\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"\u003eStrategic\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"\u003e for the \u003cb\u003esearch for natural resources\u003c\/b\u003e (gold, oil, coal), \u003cb\u003eSoviet sovereignty\u003c\/b\u003e over the Arctic and the \u003cb\u003egeological understanding\u003c\/b\u003e of the connection between Asia and America.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Segoe UI Emoji',sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Segoe UI Emoji';\"\u003e🛠️\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"\u003e The Aircraft: The Dornier-Wal ‘H1’; a monohull seaplane\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"\u003e (amphibious, capable of landing on water or land); \u003cb\u003e2 tandem engines\u003c\/b\u003e of \u003cb\u003e600 chevaux\u003c\/b\u003e (i.e. \u003cb\u003e1,200 hp \u003cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ein total\u003c\/b\u003e); \u003cb\u003eCruising speed\u003c\/b\u003e: \u003cb\u003e150–180 km\/h\u003c\/b\u003e; \u003cb\u003eRange\u003c\/b\u003e: \u003cb\u003e8–10 hours\u003c\/b\u003e (with full fuel tanks); \u003cb\u003eCrew\u003c\/b\u003e: \u003cb\u003e6 people\u003c\/b\u003e (2 pilots + 4 scientists\/technicians).\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"\u003eUnique features\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"\u003e: \u003cb\u003eHull made of duralumin (a lightweight, high-strength alloy); Lateral floats (‘Foldable wings’ for transport); 3 cabins: Widespread corrosion of the duralumin (the equivalent of rust in aluminium); Hull bottom punctured during a landing on snow in 1930 (rescue mission for the American pilot\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"\u003eRoute\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"\u003e: \u003cb\u003eKrasnoyarsk → Irkutsk → Lake Baikal → Khabarovsk → Sea of Okhotsk → Kamchatka → Chukotka → Wrangel Island → Anadyr\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"\u003eTotal distance\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"\u003e: \u003cb\u003eOver 10,000 km\u003c\/b\u003e (including \u003cb\u003e8,000 km in flight\u003c\/b\u003e). \u003cb\u003eDuration\u003c\/b\u003e: \u003cb\u003e3 months\u003c\/b\u003e (June–September 1932).\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Segoe UI Emoji',sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Segoe UI Emoji';\"\u003e🗺️\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"\u003e Geographical and Scientific Contributions\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col style=\"margin-top: 0cm;\" start=\"1\" type=\"1\"\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;\"\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eCartography\u003c\/b\u003e:\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cul style=\"margin-top: 0cm;\" type=\"circle\"\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l3 level2 lfo2; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;\"\u003e\n\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"\u003eFirst accurate map\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"\u003e of \u003cb\u003eChukotka\u003c\/b\u003e and \u003cb\u003eNorth-East Siberia\u003c\/b\u003e;\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l3 level2 lfo2; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;\"\u003e\n\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"\u003eCorrection of errors\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"\u003e in existing maps (e.g. the \u003cb\u003eParapolsky Dol\u003c\/b\u003e was not a mountain range);\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l3 level2 lfo2; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;\"\u003e\n\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"\u003eDiscovery of glacial lakes\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"\u003e (e.g. \u003cb\u003eMaïna-Pilgyn\u003c\/b\u003e);\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l3 level2 lfo2; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;\"\u003e\n\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"\u003eMapping of mountain ranges\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"\u003e (e.g. \u003cb\u003ethe Koriakie Plateau\u003c\/b\u003e);\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;\"\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eGeology\u003c\/b\u003e:\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cul style=\"margin-top: 0cm;\" type=\"circle\"\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l3 level2 lfo2; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;\"\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eEvidence of plate tectonics\u003c\/b\u003e:\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cul style=\"margin-top: 0cm;\" type=\"square\"\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l3 level3 lfo2; tab-stops: list 108.0pt;\"\u003e\n\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"\u003eSeparation between Kamchatka and the mainland\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"\u003e (tectonic rift);\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l3 level3 lfo2; tab-stops: list 108.0pt;\"\u003e\n\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"\u003eLink between Asia and America\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"\u003e (via the Bering Strait);\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l3 level2 lfo2; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;\"\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eMineral resources\u003c\/b\u003e:\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cul style=\"margin-top: 0cm;\" type=\"square\"\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l3 level3 lfo2; tab-stops: list 108.0pt;\"\u003e\n\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"\u003eGold\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"\u003e (tributaries of the Kolyma);\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l3 level3 lfo2; tab-stops: list 108.0pt;\"\u003e\n\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"\u003eOil\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"\u003e (traces in the rocks);\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l3 level3 lfo2; tab-stops: list 108.0pt;\"\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eCoal\u003c\/b\u003e (sedimentary basins);\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;\"\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eMeteorology\u003c\/b\u003e:\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cul style=\"margin-top: 0cm;\" type=\"circle\"\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l3 level2 lfo2; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;\"\u003e\n\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"\u003eStudy of fog\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"\u003e in the Sea of Okhotsk;\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l3 level2 lfo2; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;\"\u003e\n\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"\u003eObservation of drift ice\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"\u003e (current dynamics);\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;\"\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eBiology\u003c\/b\u003e:\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cul style=\"margin-top: 0cm;\" type=\"circle\"\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l3 level2 lfo2; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;\"\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eArctic fauna\u003c\/b\u003e:\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cul style=\"margin-top: 0cm;\" type=\"square\"\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l3 level3 lfo2; tab-stops: list 108.0pt;\"\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eSeals, walruses, beluga whales\u003c\/b\u003e;\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l3 level3 lfo2; tab-stops: list 108.0pt;\"\u003e\n\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"\u003eBrown bears, arctic foxes, reindeer\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"\u003e;\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l3 level2 lfo2; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;\"\u003e\n\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"\u003eFlora\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"\u003e: \u003cb\u003eTundra, marshes, larch forests\u003c\/b\u003e;\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Segoe UI Emoji',sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Segoe UI Emoji';\"\u003e🚁\u003c\/span\u003e Contributions to Polar Aviation\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col style=\"margin-top: 0cm;\" start=\"1\" type=\"1\"\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;\"\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eProofs of feasibility\u003c\/b\u003e:\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cul style=\"margin-top: 0cm;\" type=\"circle\"\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo3; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;\"\u003e\n\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"\u003eFirst long-distance flight in the Arctic\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"\u003e using a \u003cb\u003eheavy seaplane\u003c\/b\u003e (Dornier-Wal);\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo3; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;\"\u003e\n\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"\u003eAdaptation to extreme conditions\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"\u003e (fog, snow, wind);\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;\"\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eInnovative techniques\u003c\/b\u003e:\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cul style=\"margin-top: 0cm;\" type=\"circle\"\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo3; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;\"\u003e\n\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"\u003eLow-level flying\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"\u003e (10–20 m above the water) to avoid clouds;\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo3; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;\"\u003e\n\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"\u003eLandings on lagoons\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"\u003e (areas without runways);\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo3; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;\"\u003e\n\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"\u003eIn-flight repairs\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"\u003e (e.g. a blocked hose plugged with a rag);\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;\"\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eLessons for future expeditions\u003c\/b\u003e:\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cul style=\"margin-top: 0cm;\" type=\"circle\"\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo3; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;\"\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eNeed for reliable engines\u003c\/b\u003e;\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo3; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;\"\u003e\n\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"\u003eImportance of logistics\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"\u003e (fuel, spare parts);\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo3; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;\"\u003e\n\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"\u003ePilot training\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"\u003e for polar conditions;\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Segoe UI Emoji',sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Segoe UI Emoji';\"\u003e🤝\u003c\/span\u003e Humanitarian Contributions\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col style=\"margin-top: 0cm;\" start=\"1\" type=\"1\"\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;\"\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eWrangel Island rescue\u003c\/b\u003e:\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cul style=\"margin-top: 0cm;\" type=\"circle\"\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo4; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;\"\u003e\n\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"\u003eDelivery of 200 kg of food supplies\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"\u003e;\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo4; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;\"\u003e\n\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"\u003eEvacuation of 6 people\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"\u003e (including the sick);\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo4; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;\"\u003e\n\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"\u003ePrevention of a famine\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"\u003e (4th consecutive winter without resupply);\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;\"\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eSupport for local populations\u003c\/b\u003e:\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cul style=\"margin-top: 0cm;\" type=\"circle\"\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo4; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;\"\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eTransport of medicines\u003c\/b\u003e;\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo4; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;\"\u003e\n\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"\u003eLogistical support\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"\u003e (e.g. transport of equipment for trading posts);\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;\"\u003e\n\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"\u003eStrengthening ties\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"\u003e between Moscow and the Arctic:\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cul style=\"margin-top: 0cm;\" type=\"circle\"\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo4; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;\"\u003e\n\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"\u003eInitial contact\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"\u003e with isolated villages;\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo4; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;\"\u003e\n\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"\u003eRaising awareness\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"\u003e of the importance of aviation for the region’s development;\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003cul style=\"margin-top: 0cm;\" type=\"disc\"\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;\"\u003e\n\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"\u003eObruchev\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"\u003e became a \u003cb\u003ekey figure\u003c\/b\u003e in Soviet Arctic exploration;\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;\"\u003e\n\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"\u003eThe Dornier-Wal\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"\u003e proved its \u003cb\u003ereliability\u003c\/b\u003e for polar missions;\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;\"\u003e\n\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"\u003eWrangel Island\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"\u003e was \u003cb\u003esaved\u003c\/b\u003e, and the \u003cb\u003eSoviet presence in the Arctic\u003c\/b\u003e was strengthened;\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;\"\u003e\n\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"\u003eThe data collected\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"\u003e served as a basis for \u003cb\u003efuture expeditions\u003c\/b\u003e (e.g. \u003cb\u003ePapanin’s expeditions\u003c\/b\u003e in the 1930s);\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;\"\u003e\n\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"\u003eThe account\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\"\u003e inspired \u003cb\u003egenerations of explorers\u003c\/b\u003e and scientists;\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"www.skyshelf.eu","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":57021572809030,"sku":"853OR1934RU","price":45.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0620\/6901\/4698\/files\/russeartique1_1_bdc05925-a902-4e31-a161-7cb3d6febfc4.jpg?v=1785101152","url":"https:\/\/www.skyshelf.eu\/en-es\/products\/obruchev-sergei-flying-over-the-eastern-arctic-1933original-edition","provider":"www.skyshelf.eu","version":"1.0","type":"link"}